含油污泥焦化处理实验研究

采用焦化方法对含油污泥进行处理。经过筛选选取活性白土作为焦化处理催化剂,分别研究了反应时间、反应温度、氮气吹扫量、加热速率等因素对处理效果的影响。4个影响因素对液相油品收率的影响顺序为:氮气吹扫量>反应温度>反应时间>加热速率;对反应转化率的影响顺序为:反应温度>反应时间>氮气吹扫量>加热速率。较为理想的反应参数:反应温度490℃;反应时间60min;氮气吹扫量90mL.min-1;加热速率4℃.min-1。在此反应条件下,含油污泥液相油品收率>80%,反应转化率>99.9%,经焦化处理后的废渣含油率<3‰,达到农用污泥排放标准,实现了达标排放和回收资源的目的。     

初级金属固溶体的固相线

本文提出二元合金A_(1-x)B_x的初级金属固溶体的固相线的计算公式为:T_m(x)=T_(mA)F(x),其中T_(mA)是A金属的熔点,F(x)是以X为变量、包含A和B的原子密度N、价数Z、熔化体积增率(△V/V)和熔化熵△S的解析函数.对于以Cu、Ag、Au为基的、包含一价到四价的简单金属的24种初级金属固溶体的固相线作了理论计算.与实验结果符合较好.对于三元合金也作了相应的推广.     

交联型聚醚聚氨酯的表征、力学性能及其碱金属盐络合物的导电性能

采用三羟甲基丙烷（ＴＭＰ）作交联剂与聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ－１５４０）和甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）反应，得到了具有较好力学性能的交联型聚醚聚氨酯（ＰＥＵ），该聚合物与ＬｉＣｌＯ４的结合物具有较高的室温电导率（σ３０℃＝１．８７×１０￣（－４）Ｓ／ｃｍ）。采用全反射红外光谱（ＡＴＲ－ＩＲ）对聚合物的结构进行了表征。对聚合物的组成、不同ＴＤＩ类型及络合盐浓度对聚合物力学性能及其络合物电导率的影响进行了探讨。低度交联聚合物的络合物，其电导率与温度的关系符合建立在自由体积理论上的ＶＴＦ方程，表明络合物中离子的传导主要是在无定形区域进行，与自由体积有关。     

几何非线性复合材料层合固体壳单元

通过定义广义应力,提出了一个改进的刚度矩阵,以克服固体壳元的厚度自锁问题,并能保证沿复合材料层合结构厚度方向上的连续应力分布;将应力插值函数分为低阶和高阶两部分,建议了一个新的非线性变分泛函,推导了一个用于几何非线性分析的九节点固体壳单元,该单元的计算精度和效率基本上与九节点减缩积分单元相当,与同类型其他单元相比,该单元显著提高了计算效率。     

等离子喷涂燃料电池连接板LSM薄膜的性能研究

采用等离子喷涂法在SUS 430连接板基体上制备了LSM(La0.8 Sr0.2 MnO3)薄膜。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和电子探针分别研究了喷涂前后LSM的相组成、薄膜的表面形貌和元素分布。用图像分析法计算了薄膜的孔隙率。二支点法测量了有与无LSM薄膜的SUS 430基体在130～800℃时的电导率。结果发现,薄膜与基体结合良好,薄膜孔隙细小,均匀分布,且非连通;LSM的相组成在喷涂前后保持一致;当温度<330℃时,有LSM保护膜的连接板的电导率小于无LSM薄膜的连接板的电导率;温度>330℃,结果相反。有LSM保护膜的连接板在空气中,130～800℃下,最大电导率为0.60Ω-1·cm-1。     

Luminescence Characterization of Mg Doped Y2O2S:Ti Long Afterglow Phosphor

Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti (0≤x≤0.10) phosphors with long afterglow were synthesized by solid state reaction route. The photoluminescence spectra, decay curves, thermoluminescent spectra and chromaticity coordinate curves were investigated. The results show that the luminescence intensity of Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti (0≤x≤0.10) phosphors decrease gradually with increasing Mg2 ion content, and the shape of luminescence spectra and chromaticity coordinate change as well. Furthermore, two thermoluminescent peaks in single Ti-doped Y2O2S sample are found at 91.8 and 221.5 ℃, respectively. Nevertheless, significant different spectra were found for the Mg, Ti co-doped Y2O2S samples that three thermoluminescence peaks appear at 52.3, 141.7 and 226.8 ℃, respectively. These results indicate that the co-doped Mg ion changes the inherent trap depth of single Ti-doped Y2O2S:Ti phosphor, and induces simultaneously a new trap level in the Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti phosphor. Based on the analysis of thermoluminescent spectra, photoluminescent spectra, decay curve and crystal structure defect, it was proposed that the varied structure defect and introduced new trap level by the doped Mg2 ions should be responsible for reducing luminescence intensity and varying color in the Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti phosphor.     

Kinetic investigation of the carbothermal reduction of an Iranian clay

The kinetics of the carbothermal reduction of clay under argon atmosphere has been investigated by the X-ray diffraction method. The clay-carbon (excess) mixture was formed into 2 cm diameter disks of different thicknesses. Experimental data evidences the significant effect of sample thickness on the reaction rate at 1400 °C. Decreasing thickness promotes mullite dissociation and formation of SiC and alumina powders. Mathematical modeling of the reaction system showed the gas diffusion in the Knudsen regime through the pellet to be the rate controlling step. Diffusivity of CO and reacted core tortuosity factor have been calculated.     

四倍频Nd：YAG激光在高压氢气中的喇曼频移研究

利用Nd:YAG固体激光器四倍频输出(266nm)在高压H₂中的受激喇曼散射获得多波长的激光输出。当泵浦能量一定时,通过改变H₂压力得到了最佳的能量输出,299nm波长的激光能量为3mJ,341nm波长的激光能量输出为6.1mJ,398nm波长的激光能量输出为2.8mJ,239nm波长的激光能量输出为0.8mJ,同时在477nm,595nm,218nm,200nm波段也有能量输出。     

用于泵浦固体激光器的激光二极管线阵的输出特性

从实验上测量了激光二极管线阵的输出特性,研究了温度、电流对输出功率、光谱特性,以及偏振特性的影响,为设计全固态激光器提供有益的参考。     

The Problem of Estimating the Uncertainty of the Fixed Point Temperature Due to the Presence of Impurities

The main problems in estimating the uncertainty due to the presence of impurities in the material: the absence in the documents of a unique definition of the quantity being measured – the fixed point temperature, the lack of agreed methods of realizing the fixed points and the insufficient justification of the equations used for the estimate, are analyzed. The results of a measurement of the melting point of gallium are presented, which differ in the conditions in which they were realized – with one and two liquid-solid interfaces and different solidification conditions, are presented. The reasons for the considerable difference between the values of the temperatures obtained in these experiments are discussed.